Category Archives: Systems

(Upcoming) work at the Datacenter

Update #1:

Moving www.cacert.org to new hardware was not successful due to some firewall settings, so we decided to keep the old server active.

During the next days/weeks we’ll change some firewall settings remotely so short downtimes may apply before we try to activate the new server during the next visit in some weeks.

Original note:

During the next visit at the datacenter on Friday we’re doing some hardware-changes within our rack, especially for our main website www.cacert.org.

As a preparation we will disable most of the services on www.cacert.org on Tuesday evening. The site will be fully operational again after the new server is up and running (most likely during Friday morning).

All other subdomains like blog/wiki/… will only have a short outage while we install a new firewall.

— this post will be updated after returning back from the datacenter —

When Captain CAcert rescues the Notaries of the Round Table

Today we are going on a little journey through time for a current occasion. Are you ready? Then jump into the fountain together with Frog King!

Many, many years ago, when grandmother was still a little girl, it may have been in 1995, a hardworking man named Mark Shuttleworth started a certificate issuing service in his poor parents’ garage, just like CAcert is one.

The name of this service was Thawte. Thawte was a great and important service. It is said that it covered half of the empire at that time. And because he was so old and so wise, he enjoyed some privileges. When Uncle Netscape, the browser, introduced new rules for certificates, Aunt Thawte, considering her age, only had to comply if she wanted to.

Now it was the case in those days that some people would have liked to send letters in an envelope. Good Aunt Thawte said: I have so many envelopes, I will give you some! And everyone who booked a free e-mail address with her got the certificate to wrap the messages as a gift. The Web of Trust was created to ensure that everything was above board and that the big bad wolf didn’t pretend to be one of the seven little goats. There, the letter writers met with the most trustworthy men and women of the entire empire for the knighting.

After the wizard Verisign took over Aunt Thawte’s service in 1999, the Web of Trust’s noble round table was abolished a few years later. Its members were very surprised to be thrown out of the castle just like that, since they had selflessly served the cause as noble knights and notaries.

However, it was a stormy time. And the storm wind blew a big sailing ship with full rigging from New South Wales, a spot of earth on a big island in the middle of the big, wide sea in the New World, across the ocean. Its name was emblazoned in gold letters on the stern: CAcert.

The captain held the wheel with both hands until the ship docked in a safe harbour. Immediately the crew rushed ashore to the desperate notaries and knights of the Thawte Round Table and offered to take them in their ship.

Numerous were those who gratefully accepted this offer, even more so when the captain said that he trusted Aunt Thawte. So it happened that large parts of Thawt’s Web of Trust were integrated into CAcert’s Web of Trust and the Thawte notaries became CAcert assurers. In a special program named Tverfiy, they could have their trust points transferred in 2009. Today, more than a decade later, CAcert is discontinuing the corresponding web site, after a long time since scattered notaries have joined CAcert’s community.

Further reading:
https://wiki.cacert.org/Tverify
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thawte#Web_of_Trust
old blog posts from the time

Signature server back in operation

Retour en fonctionnement du serveur de signature

Le serveur responsable de signer à la demande les certificats émis par CAcert dispose de deux disques durs, en redondance l’un de l’autre. Lorsqu’un dysfonctionnement se produit, aucune maintenance à distance n’est possible, car la machine n’est intentionnellement pas branchée au réseau. Seul un câble série permet d’échanger requêtes et réponses avec le reste de notre infrastructure. Aucune connexion n’est possible par ce moyen.

Or, depuis le 2 Août, nous observions la mise en attente de toutes les demandes de signature de certificats. L’équipe des infrastructures critiques est donc intervenue sur site ce 21 Août. Un problème dans le traitement d’un des certificats était la cause du blocage. Ce problème est résolu, mais reste à diagnostiquer avec précision. Il s’agit d’une série d’incidents que nous n’avions jamais vus auparavant.

Compte tenu des deux autres incidents intervenus plus tôt cette année, liés au système de fichiers de notre serveur de signature, nous devions accroitre sa résilience. Aussi, ce 21 août, l’équipe des infrastructures critiques a installé dans le rack un second serveur de signature, comme secours passif du premier. La présence de liens série dédiés vers chaque machine permettra à l’avenir de basculer très rapidement sur le second serveur de signature, en cas de nouveau problème. Dans tous les cas, les deux serveurs restent comme auparavant isolés du réseau.

Nous prions nos membres de nous excuser pour ces dysfonctionnements, et encourageons ceux résidant en Hollande où dans sa proche périphérie, à envisager de s’associer au travail de notre équipe des infrastructures critiques, ce qui augmenterait notre capacité d’intervention rapide.

Simultanément, nous espérons que l’intervention d’hier marque la fin de cette longue et exceptionnelle série.

English version

The server responsible for signing certificates issued by CAcert on demand has two hard disks, redundant to each other. When a malfunction occurs, no remote maintenance is possible, as the machine is intentionally not connected to the network. Only a serial cable is used to exchange requests and responses with the rest of our infrastructure. No connection is possible by this means.

However, since the 2nd of August, we have been seeing all certificate signing requests being put on hold. The Critical Infrastructure team therefore intervened on site on the 21st of August. A problem in the processing of one of the certificates was the cause of the blockage. This problem has been solved, but remains to be precisely diagnosed. This is a series of failures that we have never seen before.

In light of the two other incidents earlier this year related to the file system of our signature server, we needed to increase its resilience. So on 21 August, the Critical Infrastructure team installed a second signature server in the rack as a passive backup to the first. The presence of dedicated serial links to each machine will make it possible in future to switch very quickly to the second signature server in the event of a new problem. In any case, the two servers remain isolated from the network as before.

We apologise to our members for the inconvenience, and encourage those living in or near the Netherlands to consider working with our Critical Infrastructure team, which would increase our ability to respond quickly.

At the same time, we hope that yesterday’s intervention marks the end of this long and exceptional series.

New signer proves itself in use

EN: Signer is running again

DE: Signer ist wieder in Betrieb

FR: Signataire fonctionne à nouveau

ES: Firmante vuelve a funcionar

IT: Firmatario è di nuovo in funzione

The signer has been running again since yesterday, Friday, around 13:00 CEST. We then (while we were doing other work) watched the processing for about another hour… Around 0:30 CEST all outstanding certificate requests (~3000) were processed.

Things didn’t quite go as planned in June. As soon as something cannot be done remotely – there is no remote access to critical systems for security reasons – someone who is authorised to do so has to go the data centre in the Netherlands. Despite Corona, quarantine, floods, overtime at the company and whatever else comes up. That’s maybe two hours. Then two hours home again and in between the actual work. During the opening hours of the data centre, in your free time and paying for your own train ticket or petrol. It’s not always easy to reconcile all that. On Friday afternoon, however, the time had come and the Signer has now been running smoothly again for over a day.

As can be seen from the Critical Team’s plan published yesterday, preliminary work is already underway to make the system redundant throughout and even more robust, so that failures should no longer be noticed by users, because no one is interested in such failures! We are very sorry that you had to wait so long. At the same time, we thank the small core team who have sacrificed nights and weekends over the last five weeks to get the technology back up and running for the CAcert community!

Re-signed Class-3-Certificate – take action now!

English | Deutsch | Français | Español | Fingerprints

English | We already reported here in January that our Class 3 certificate is being re-signed. This was done a few weeks ago in our data centre in the Netherlands and subsequently tested extensively by our volunteers.

The new Class 3 certificate can now be downloaded here. In some days we will update the fingerprints and publish the other formats here. We recommend that all users use the new Class 3 certificate immediately, as the old certificate is approaching its expiry date and will no longer be valid after May 20th. Download the new certificate today and install it in your browser, e-mail program or certificate server as required.

All this exciting work (planning, re-signing, testing, communication) was done by volunteers from the CAcert community. They have acquired a lot of expertise over time and have worked their way up in the community. CAcert continues to offer such opportunities to interested and committed people today.

Alles neu macht der Mai – Neuerungen bei CAcert

Deutsch | Wir haben bereits im Januar an dieser Stelle darüber berichtet, dass unser Class-3-Zertifikat neu signiert wird. Dies ist vor einigen Wochen in unserem Rechenzentrum in den Niederlanden geschehen und anschliessend ausführlich von unseren Freiwilligen getestet worden.

Das neue Class-3-Zertifiat kann jetzt hier heruntergeladen werden. In wenigen Tagen werden wir die Fingerprints als auch die anderen Formate hier an gewohnter Stelle veröffentlichen. Wir empfehlen allen Nutzern, ab sofort das neue Class-3-Zertifikat zu verwenden, da das alte Zertifikate seinen Ablaufdatum entgegenschreitet und dann nicht mehr gültig ist. Laden Sie heute noch das neue Zertifikat herunter und installieren Sie es je nach Bedarf in Ihrem Browser, e-Mailprogramm oder Zertifikatsserver.

Alle diese spannenden Arbeiten (Planung, neu signieren, testen, Kommunikation) wurden von Freiwilligen der CAcert-Gemeinschaft erledigt. Sie haben sich im Laufe der Zeit viel Fachwissen angeeignet und sich in der Gemeinschaft hochgearbeitet. CAcert bietet auch heute interessierten und engagierten Leuten solche Möglichkeiten.

Changez vers le nouveau certificat class 3
Français | Nous avons déjà signalé ici en janvier que notre certificat de classe 3 était en cours de re-signature. Cela a été fait il y a quelques semaines dans notre centre de données aux Pays-Bas et a ensuite été testé de manière approfondie par nos volontaires.

Le nouveau certificat de classe 3 (comme l’ancien) peut être téléchargé ici. L’empreinte digitale va être publié dans les jours à venir ici. Nous recommandons à tous les utilisateurs d’utiliser le nouveau certificat de classe 3 à partir de maintenant, car l’ancien certificat approche de sa date d’expiration et ne sera plus valide. Téléchargez le nouveau certificat aujourd’hui et installez-le dans votre navigateur, votre programme de messagerie ou votre serveur de certificats, selon vos besoins.

Tout ce travail passionnant (planification, re-signature, tests, communication) a été réalisé par des bénévoles de la communauté CAcert. Ils ont acquis une grande expertise au fil du temps et ont gravi les échelons au sein de la communauté. CAcert continue aujourd’hui à offrir de telles opportunités aux personnes intéressées et engagées.

Español | Hace unas semanas, nuestro certificado de clase 3 se volvió a firmar en nuestro centro de datos de los Países Bajos y, a continuación, nuestros voluntarios lo probaron exhaustivamente. El nuevo certificado de clase 3 puede descargarse aquí. La huella dactilar y los demás formatos estarán disponibles en los próximos días aquí. Recomendamos a todos los usuarios que utilicen el nuevo certificado de clase 3 a partir de ahora, ya que el antiguo dejará de ser válido en breve. Instale el nuevo certificado de clase 3 hoy mismo.

Todo este apasionante trabajo ha sido realizado por voluntarios de la comunidad CAcert. CAcert ofrece interesantes oportunidades a las personas interesadas y dedicadas.

Fingerprints | SHA1 Fingerprint = D8:A8:3A:64:11:7F:FD:21:94:FE:E1:98:3D:D2:5C:7B:32:A8:FF:C8
SHA256 Fingerprint = 1B:C5:A6:1A:2C:0C:01:32:C5:2B:28:4F:3D:A0:D8:DA:CF:71:7A:0F:6C:1D:DF:81:D8:0B:36:EE:E4:44:28:69

Report of visit at datacenter on 2021-04-19

After a new member was added to the access engineers team it was possible to visit the datacenter following the epidemiological guidelines for SARS-CoV-2, as well as our own security guidelines.

During this visit we applied the long-awaited patch for bug 1438 by adding the serial number to certificate revocation lists.

This visit also provided an opportunity to instal a new infrastructure-server, courtesy of Abil’I.T. , a Luxembourg based free software service provider. Many thanks again!

… and …

We did the Class-3-resigning during this visit. Currently we’re testing this new Class-3-certificate and will publish it real soon.

A new visit in the summer will be necessary to replace hardware (and maybe apply further patches on the signer).

Engineers nominated

The free certificate authority CAcert is making progress in increasing the number of its working groups. In the past few days, the committee approved the appointment of Jan to the post of Critical Engineer.

The appointment of Michaela as Access Engineer was also approved. Both have a broad range of experience and are distinguished by their specialist knowledge and sense of responsibility. We wish both engineers much success and fulfilment in their voluntary work for the CAcert community. These are challenging tasks and come with great responsibility. CAcert offers interested volunteers a variety of tasks, the opportunity to gain exciting experience and stimulating career opportunities.

New Class 3 certificate expected for May

Question of a member of the community: The Class3 certificate is set to expire this year in May. What do I need to do with:
a) My existing certificates that were signed against the Class 3
b) Installation of the new Class3 and when will that happen?

Answer from our volunteer critical system administrator: Thank you for this question. We started the resigning procedure already last year. We plan to use the same private key for the new class-3-certificate, so the old certificates will remain valid.

As the resigning needs to be done in the data centre in the Netherlands, this is planned for February/March – depending on the pandemic situation. So there will be enough time to replace the Class-3-Root in your configuration (Certificate-Chain) or your Browsers.

Deutsch: Die Planung, um das Class-3-Zertifikat neu zu signieren wurden bereits im letzten Jahr aufgenommen. Der Zeitplan ist grosszügig, dass die Arbeiten unserer Freiwilligen vor Mai abgeschlossen sein werden.

Français: Le projet de re-signer le certificat de la classe 3 a été lancé l’année dernière. Le calendrier est généreux, le travail de nos volontaires sera terminé avant le mois de mai.

Español: La planificación para volver a firmar el certificado de la clase 3 comenzó el año pasado. El programa es generoso, el trabajo de nuestros voluntarios se completará antes de mayo.

Português: O planejamento para assinar novamente o certificado de Classe 3 começou no ano passado. O cronograma é generoso, pois o trabalho de nossos voluntários será concluído antes de maio.

Screenshot of community.cacert.org

Recent infrastructure updates

In the past few weeks Dirk Astrath and me upgraded some of our infrastructure systems to Debian Buster and implemented some performance improvements.

The blog system you are just visiting is one of these systems. We also upgraded the wiki system and finished the setup of the new community Webmail system.

The old staff list and community email password reset pages have been replaced with a modern system that is now available at https://selfservice.cacert.org/.

The git code hosting system at https://git.cacert.org/ has been upgraded to Debian Buster too and has been switched from gitweb to cgit for the git web frontend for much better performance. The old gitweb URLs are automatically redirected to the new cgit URLs. This change has the positive side effect that you can now use git clone directly using the https-URLs of the git repositories.

In the background we added Puppet configuration management for the above mentioned systems and replaced the aged nrpe-based monitoring with Icinga 2 agents.

We setup a new community start page at https://community.cacert.org/ that leads you to resources that we think is relevant for our community members.

Technical problems with signer machine

We have a problem with the signer machine, certificates are currently not created.

There is no way to access the signer machine via internet, to make sure that the machine can not be hacked, so a personal visit to the data center will be necessary to check the machine and get it running again.

Sadly the current Covid-19 pandemy makes travelling to the data center very difficult, so we have no way to fix this problem soon! I’m afraid that it may take several weeks till we get access to the machine and find out the reason for this problem.

Update: Currently we hope that we will be able to make the visit to the data center around easter weekend.

Of course this depends on other developments we have no influence on. For example further restrictions to travelling or intra-EU border crossing may prevent this visit.

Update: In case you can’t access https://www.cacert.org or https://secure.cacert.org currently due to the expired certificate, you may reset the HSTS-status in Chrome:

Open chrome://net-internals/#hsts and delete www.cacert.org and secure.cacert.org settings there. Accessing www.cacert.org will then give you a warning about the expired certificate, but you’ll then be able to continue.

Update: A visit at the datacenter is planned for 2020-05-04 to enable the signer again as well as additional administration tasks on other hardware.

Update: All services are normal again, see new blog post.